Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used across multiple cancer types, with a rapidly growing population of long term survivors exposed to ICIs. However, potential long-term adverse outcomes, particularly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, remain poorly understood. This study evaluates the absolute and relative risk of cardiovascular disease among >1-year cancer survivors who received ICIs at the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital. We also explore whether immune-related adverse events influence this risk, with the aim of improving surveillance of late toxicities.
