Population screening with mammography has resulted in increased detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The aim of this population-based cohort study was to assess whether the method of detection should be considered when determining prognosis and treatment in women with DCIS.
This study includes 7042 women aged 49-75 years, who were surgically treated for primary DCIS between 1989 and 2004 in the Netherlands. We calculated cumulative incidences of ipsilateral and contralateral invasive breast cancer and all-cause mortality among women with screen-detected, interval, or non-screening-related DCIS, and assessed the association between method of detection and these outcomes, using multivariable Cox regression analyses.
Screen detection was associated with lower risk of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer and all-cause mortality. However, the absolute difference in risk of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer was very low and the lower all-cause mortality associated with screen-detected and interval DCIS might be explained by a healthy-user effect. Therefore, our findings do not justify different treatment strategies for women with screen-detected, interval, or non-screening-related DCIS.
Compared with non-screening-related DCIS, women with screen-detected DCIS had a lower risk of developing ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59-0.96), but a similar risk of contralateral invasive breast cancer (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.67-1.10). The absolute difference in risk of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer was 1% at 15 years. Screen detection was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73-0.98); when we additionally accounted for the occurrence of invasive breast cancer the magnitude of this effect remained similar (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-1.00).
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